1. Wash hands and put on gloves. Gather supplies 2. Explain the process to the resident. 3. Ask the resident to cough forcefully and spit sputum into the specimen cup. 4. If sputum is clear and thin, it may be from the mouth, not the upper respiratory tract. Ask the resident to try again. 5. After obtaining the specimen, close the lid of the cup, label, and place in specimen bag. 6. Remove gloves, wash hands. 7. Help the resident become comfortable. 8. Deliver specimen to designated spot for lab pick-up.